He started warrants like three or four times. I don't know. If you could get on the radio and help me out there. >> Relax. Relax. Relax. Relax. >> When you get out, you can get your ticket. Get rehab. >> You like that? >> What happens when a routine airport contact uncovers outstanding warrants? An identification demand that may have exceeded a police authority and and a felony assault. More importantly, what does this encounter reveal about the legal boundaries most officers and citizens never fully understand? This analysis breaks down the law, the turning points, and the lessons that apply far beyond this airport. >> Hey man, officer Palmer report Seattle, please. Everything's out of your recorded. Talk with me for a minute here. >> Come on over here. Come on over here. Let's go in the corner over here. See what's going on. I'll zoom out with him. All right. So, we got a couple of calls about you, my man. What brings you to the airport tonight? >> I'm going to California. >> You have a book? You have a ticket? >> Yes. >> Can I see it? >> I just lost it. That's why I'm walking that way to get a new ticket. >> Okay. You got some ID on you, man? >> I don't. >> Okay. How you going to get through security without ID? >> I don't know, but I have my ticket. >> What is wrong? So, we got a couple of uh calls about your talking to other women and trying to get through the checkpoint with no ID and no boarding pass and nothing. >> No, I have my boarding pass. I just got to get in. >> Okay, look. >> Just relax for a second here. Okay. You're sweating. Why you sweating? >> Because I'm stressed out. So, I'm I'm like 30 minutes. >> So, just give me a second to confirm your story and we'll get you on your way. Okay. If that is indeed it. All right. So, let's just let's relax your name. What's your first name, my man? >> Dylan. >> D I L L L L O N. >> Yep. >> Can I please go get my boarding pass cuz I'm really late. >> What's a date? What's the date of birth for you, man? >> So, what what airline are you flying on? >> Alaska. >> Okay, >> man. It's a really important flight for me. >> Okay. So, the boarding passes here at the airport, the boarding passes for Alaska are all on your phone. Yes, but I I had the physical one they printed out for me and I lost it. >> So, look, I downloaded the app. >> Okay. Do you have a confirmation or an email? >> I I That's why I was just going to get a new ticket, >> man. I don't want no problems. I just want to fly to California. >> I'm not trying not trying to give you any problems here. What I'm trying to tell you is we got a couple of calls about your behavior. That's why I'm talking to you at all. Man, I'm okay. I'm sorry. >> Okay. >> Is your ID out of Washington or another state? >> Washington. >> Okay. And again, to go over this ground, how you going to get past security when you don't have an ID? You need an ID to go past security. >> I I do have an ID. >> Do you have it on you? Can I see it? >> Well, I don't see how that's legislated. I don't >> I want to know who I'm talking to. That's >> I don't There's not I have done nothing wrong to make me have to give you my ID. >> Okay. So, here's what I'm gonna do. >> I'm gonna go get my boarding pass. >> Okay. >> Thank you. >> All right. If you got a boarding pass, man, >> I got his name here. We'll just follow him. Which I remember the name. >> Last of Hey, man. tickets are over there. Alaska's over there. >> Last of Campbell. Tom Belly first of David Ida Lincoln Ocean Nora Middle J like John you're you're causing a disturbance in the airline I'm following you to make sure that you are ticketed >> I just wanted to fly in California >> what's going on over me are I'm What? What did I just tell you, man? I told you I'm following you to make sure you got a ticket. >> I have a ticket. >> I'm following the subject to Alaska. Let's determine if they have a ticket. >> Why do you keep talking the walkie-talkies? I'm sorry. >> Sorry, >> sir. Could you guys help us for a second here, please? We're We're coming to determine something here. You check if this gentleman has a boarding pass. >> Yep. I got for a flight to uh California. I'm sorry to seriously I'm sorry to disturb you guys at all. >> Um correct. >> So you have a reservation with us but the timing is >> give me one second. Okay. So, what's what's going on? >> Hold on. Just he'll reprint this for him. >> Yeah, cuz I got to get to my my That's what I'm saying. I'm in a hurry. >> Can you please print my >> Just give me one second. Okay. >> All right. Thank you. >> Are you having a good night besides this? >> Yeah. Just give me a sec. >> Sorry. Why do you keep >> Why do you keep doing that in the walkie-talkie? >> Cuz I'm talking on the radio, man. >> If if he gives me my ticket, I'm good. >> Well, we'll see. We'll see if they're going to fly you, man. I don't know. >> Are you on one of our flights? >> Yes. I'm trying to get to the flight. Okay. Did somebody escort him here? >> He had a ticket. >> He claims he had a ticket. >> I have a ticket to go to California. >> Are you going to Santa? >> Yep. But no, I'm just I'm going uh actually to a sober housing unit in California. >> All right. >> I'm sorry. >> Was there a D1 in there? >> I couldn't hear. He started the He started warrants like three or four times. I don't know if you could get on the radio and help me out there so I can watch it. >> Unfortunately, you're going to have to we're going to we're going to rebook you for right now. We're going to have to wait at least 4 hours prior to allowing you to take Okay. So, we're going to check the next available flight. >> Okay. >> But you're not going to be able to take this from 6:45, right? >> All right. Yeah. No, absolutely not. >> Okay. >> I'll go hang out. I'm I'm good. really need California is really important for my life. >> I know. I understand. >> Super. >> All right. Please put your hands around your back. >> Why? >> Relax. Relax. Relax. Relax. Relax. Relax. Relax. >> There you go. >> What's it for? >> DC. Yes, he >> No, she knew I was going to California. >> So, we're Hang on. We're going to um >> When you get out, you get your ticket, get rehab, man. >> Would you like that? >> Yeah. So, he Yeah. He ain't he ain't flying tonight. >> All right. My car is on the fourth floor. >> You're a big car. >> Thank you. Perfect. Let's do that. >> You've been really good so far. Let's not [ __ ] that up. Okay. I appreciate you being calm. Let's just continue that. Okay, >> I'll [ __ ] you up. >> No doubt, but let's >> I will 100%. >> One v one. I [ __ ] your [ __ ] off. >> You know that. You ain't tough. >> All right. >> What door you at? >> Uh, we're about 25. >> Okay, >> man. You guys can't find nothing better to do. I'm trying to go to rehab. >> Let's go. >> I'm going to rehab this out. >> My PO knows I'm going to rehab. You guys do nothing positive. You guys do only negative [ __ ] [ __ ] My PO knows I'm going to rehab. I was going to rehab. You know that. >> You're a [ __ ] bro. >> That's why you're a fat, chubby, chipmunk looking positive for society. So, if you ever think that you're doing anything positive for society, >> just go shut the [ __ ] up. >> Yeah. Yeah. Let's go. >> That bugs me. >> You think that bothers me? >> That don't bug that >> thinging. You're going to get additional charge. Okay. I will charge you with resisting arrest. You understand me? >> Carrying my [ __ ] groin. >> Just relax. You can supply. >> Hey, go ahead. Hey, hop on board with the young PD. They know what's up. >> They know what kind of [ __ ] shit's up. >> I'm trying to search. Uh, his belt land on this side. Are you guys searching on your side or no? I'm just >> You're breaking my wrist. >> Dude, on the GROUND is locked. Go get cleaned up. Get clean. Hang on. Hang on. >> Relax. Stay on your side. >> All right. Stay there. On your side. >> Okay. Stop. >> Keep your feet. Keep your feet down. >> Keep your feet down. Are you going to go back? >> We're just going to let you be on your side. >> He's agreeing to go. Stand up. Sit down. >> All right. Come on. Get that leg in there. There you go. >> Okay, you guys. Uh, we got that that obviously >> I guess I can just have him meet me here. >> Just leave it like that. >> You going to go over to the hospital? You need to What do you feel like you need to do? >> He just spit in my face. Uh uh I don't know if >> did it get in your mouth? Did it get in your eyes? >> It got everywhere. He he he was he was he was he was you you to me and he just went and spit everywhere. >> Excuse me. >> Huh? >> No, the charging was assault three. I got spit in the face. >> Yes, I understand that. I'm guessing you're going to want to boo right now. >> Yeah, that's fine. >> The initial contact is governed by Terry v. Ohio 392 US1 decided [music] in 1,968. The Supreme Court established that law enforcement may conduct a brief investigative stop upon reasonable articulable suspicion of criminal activity. Multiple verified calls reporting disruptive behavior at a secured checkpoint satisfy this threshold. Suspicion must be specific and articulable, not a generalized hunch. That distinction is the constitutional flaw of every investigative stop in the United States. Here is where this encounter becomes legally significant. Washington state has no stop and identify statute. Unlike approximately 24 states that [music] compel citizens to identify themselves during an investigative stop, Washington imposes no such legal obligation. The officer's identification demand had no statutory authority behind it. The subject's refusal was not obstruction. Under Washington law, it was a lawful exercise of his rights. Two Supreme Court decisions frame this issue directly. Brown v. Texas 443 US 47 decided in 1,979 held that a state cannot punish a citizen for refusing to identify without lawful authority to demand it. Heel v6 judicial district court 542 US177 decided in 2004 confirmed that stop and identify statutes are constitutionally valid where a state has enacted them. Washington has chosen not to enact one. That legislative gap is the controlling legal reality on the ground. The return of active warrants from dispatch is the legal pivot of this entire encounter. A valid arrest warrant provides independent [music] court authorized probable cause under the Fourth Amendment. The legal framework shifts completely at this moment. The encounter transforms from an investigative stop governed by Terry v. Ohio into a warrant arrest requiring no additional factual justification from the officer. [music] Every subsequent action is evaluated under an entirely different constitutional standard. Physical's restraint during the warrant arrest is evaluated under Graeme v. Connor 490 386 decided in 1938. The Supreme Court established that the reasonleness of force is judged from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene set not with the benefit of hindsight. [music] Three factors govern the analysis. the severity of the underlying offense, whether the subject poses an immediate threat, and the degree of active resistance [music] encountered. Handcuffing a subject with active warrants and documented agitation throughout the encounter falls within this standard. [music] Spitting on a law enforcement officer performing official duties constitutes assault in the third degree under Washington Revised Code 9A36.031. Washington courts have consistently held that intentional spitting satisfies the statutory definition of assault without requiring physical injury. This offense is classified as a class C felony carrying a statutory maximum of 5 years in states custody. A single impulsive act during an arrest creates a felony record and fundamentally alters the legal exposure of the subject. Physical resistance during the arrest triggers Washington Revised Code 9A.venti6.04 04 resistics where an active warrant provides the underlying authority. The arrest is lawful by definition and any physical interference satisfies the elements of the statute. For a subject already under probation supervision, a new felony charge operates independently as a probation violation, triggering revocation proceedings in a separate court on top of the new criminal case. The core lesson of this encounter is [music] that each phase of a police citizen interaction carries a distinct constitutional standard. the investigative stop, the identification demand, the warrant arrest, [music] and the use of force are each evaluated under different legal tests. Conflating these phases is the most common analytical error in police accountability cases. Knowing which legal framework applies at which moment is not optional. It determines whether the conduct was lawful or unconstitutional. Consider what this footage leaves unresolved. The officer's identification demand likely [music] exceeded Washington state legal authority before the warrants returned. The subject was legally correct to refuse, yet he ended this encounter facing a felony charge. Was the initial detention lawful at every stage? Could the assault three charge survive appellet scrutiny? And what obligation do officers have to inform subjects of the legal basis for [music] arrest in real time? The answers to those questions are not as settled as they may appear.