The reason for the stop when you pulled out in front of me on Berryhill and then you took that sharp right turn. All right, you went over the dividing line to make your turn. All right, then we came down to 90. You turned took a right off Shavers and I watched you bounce over the right the fog lane twice and the center lane once. Then you cut across traffic to get to this parking lot where I actually had to stop and let you pass me. All right, all of which are giant red flags someone's driving impaired. >> I'm not impaired. >> All right, do you have your driver's license, registration, proof of insurance with you? >> I like >> All right, appreciate you. I don't this >> Santa Rosa County, Florida, a routine traffic stop. A driver who volunteered the truth then tried to take it back. What followed exposed three constitutional flash points in 13 minutes. >> Hi. >> Hi. >> How are you? >> I'm good. How are you? >> I'm good. So, my name's Officer Navy with the Santa Rosa County Sheriff's >> All right. >> Please put it in park. >> I thought it was in park. >> Are we in park? >> Yeah. >> Okay. My name's Officer Navy Santa Rosa County. All right, the reason for the stop when you pulled out in front of me on Berryhill and then you took that sharp right turn. All right, you went over the dividing line to make your turn. All right, then we came down to 90. You turned took a right off Shavers and I watched you bounce over the right the fog lane twice and the center lane once. Then you cut across traffic to get to this parking lot where I actually had to stop and let you pass me. All right, all of which are giant red flags someone's driving impaired. >> I'm not impaired. >> All right, do you have your driver's license, registration, proof of insurance with you? >> I like >> I appreciate you. I don't this was stuck to the back of your license. I don't want to litter. I How you doing, ma'am? How you doing, ma'am? I'm good. Have we met? You look familiar. You don't know? >> No. >> Okay. It's probably a good thing if we haven't. >> I don't think so. >> All right, So, while you're looking for that, if you go back through my body camera, I ask everyone the exact same questions. 17-year-old kids, 98-year-old grandmas. I ask everyone the exact same thing. All right. Any knives, guns, explosives, anything in the vehicle? No? Is there anything the vehicle's not supposed to be? No? Do you use marijuana? Okay. Have you smoked marijuana in this vehicle? I You know what? Before you answer, I do not care about a little bit of weed. All right. Cuz over the perfume >> There's a joint. I have a joint in here, but I didn't smoke it in >> No one's in any trouble for a joint. All right. That's No one's in any trouble for a joint, okay? I can promise you that. All right. >> The stop rests on observed lane violations under Florida statute sections 316.089 and 316.235. Failure to maintain lane and improper lane change. That foundation is legally sound. Probable cause for the vehicle search formed in two independent layers. First, the detectable odor of marijuana recognized under Florida case law as constitutionally sufficient on its own. Second, a spontaneous admission from the driver that a joint was in the vehicle. Under Carroll versus United States of 1925, either layer alone authorizes a warrantless search under the automobile exception. The driver then retracted that admission. It made no legal difference. Once probable cause attaches from a voluntary disclosure, it cannot be unilaterally withdrawn. The odor remained. The search proceeded lawfully. United States versus Ross of 1982 permitted officers to search every part of the vehicle where contraband may be concealed, including closed containers. The chip bag wedge between the console and seat falls squarely within that scope. The driver refused to exit the vehicle, asserting the search was unauthorized. That refusal has no legal support. Pennsylvania versus Mimms of 1977 established that exit orders during lawful traffic stops require no additional justification. Maryland versus Wilson of 1997 extended the same authority to passengers. The driver's claim that consent was required reflects a fundamental misreading. Consent is irrelevant when probable cause already exists. The refusal produced a charge of resisting an officer without violence. Under Florida statute section 843.02, that charge was later dropped, but it was legally valid at the time of arrest. >> If that's all it is, then it is no big deal. So, I'm going to hand these two back to you. All right, make sure that you get the insurance card updated. Okay? Um, and I'll be right back with you. Do me a favor, um, just stay in the vehicle. I know you you want to go in Walgreens, but just stay in the vehicle till we're done, okay? All right, I'm going to add her to the car real quick. I haven't identified the passenger yet. Um, and then we're going to pull them out. All right. Okay, what's your first name? >> Lana. >> Lana. Okay, Miss Lana, so I'm someone who I I like to explain things so people know what to expect. Okay? So, I appreciate your honesty about the joint. I am going to take your joint from you. All right, don't reach for it. I'll we'll get there. All right? But, what's going to happen now is because you do have marijuana in the car, I'm going to have you step out. You're going to wait with this deputy, uh, this officer back here. I'm going to have your passenger step out. He's going to She's going to wait with the deputy back there. >> I actually don't have marijuana in the car. >> You told me you did. >> No, I don't. It's not there. >> You told me it was in your hand. >> I did, but I left it on the porch. I don't have any marijuana. I thought I had it right there, but I don't I didn't I never I don't ever bring >> Let me explain it to you a different way. The reason I asked you I asked you about marijuana is cuz I could smell it. I can still smell it. That's why I asked you about marijuana. You were honest with me about it, and I appreciated that. But, let me put it to you a different way. What is in this car that you don't want me to find? >> nothing in this car. >> Cuz I'm searching it either way. So, what's in the car? >> There's nothing in my car. >> Okay, then you have nothing to worry about. I You told me you had weed. I smell marijuana. I'm going to have you step out and wait with this officer back here, please. Please and thank you. You This is a lawful order. It's not a question. >> You're not allowed to search my vehicle. >> I have probable cause to search your vehicle. Step out of the vehicle, please. Do it now, please. >> You're not allowed to search my vehicle. >> out of the vehicle. If you do not step out of the vehicle right now, I'm going to take you out of the vehicle. It is that It is that simple. Then you have nothing to worry about. Step back with this officer back here, please. I have PC to search this car right now. Either Hold on. Hold on. Hold on. That's great. >> You're being ugly for no reason. >> I've been nothing but polite to you. >> You're pulling me out of my vehicle when I need to be at home. >> You just pulled into a Walgreens or CVS. >> I know because I'm getting cleaning supplies. I own a cleaning company and I'm >> You're going to sit on that bumper. You're not going to move from the bumper. >> Can I please get my phone? >> You're not grabbing your phone right now. All right? Don't go Don't go near that car. I don't know if you just heard me or not, but I asked you to sit on that bumper and stay there. Last chance. I'm searching the car. Is there anything in it? >> There's nothing in my car. >> Cool beans. I don't need it. Then file a complaint that someone will review the body camera and you'll be fine. So, now you can put the cigarette down, turn around, put your hands behind your back. And you can do it right now. >> What did I do? >> Drop the cigarette. >> What did I do? >> What are those white crystals on your driver seat? >> Um >> Sit back here. Put your butt on the bumper. Can you read her, please? >> Yep. >> What are these? >> Um It looks like meth to me. >> It does look like methamphetamine. I appreciate your honesty. Thank you. So, how much meth am I going to find in the car? >> I don't know. >> Appreciate that honesty, too. >> I got you. >> I got it. >> It's just what it is. >> fine. You can put it on the >> Okay. Just give it to Deputy Auto here. >> Okay. >> All right. Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa. Pick that back up. Right there. I knew I smelled the pot, man. >> I don't know. >> And an open container. I'm pretty sure that the reason that they're on the seat is cuz they tucked them down the front of their pants. >> did. >> I think that while I was behind you, you were shoving meth down your pants, thinking that you're females and that we're not going to be able to >> Don't you have gloves on? >> Hey, whose chip bag is this? >> Stuffed in between the center console and the passenger seat. >> Whose bag of Ruffles is it? >> I have a Mountain Dew and nothing to eat. I've been drinking alcohol. >> So, you're saying it's hers? >> I'm not saying it's anybody's. I'm saying that's not mine. I just got in the car and rode with her. >> So, I retract my previous statement. You didn't shove it down your pants. You shoved it in her chip bag. Copacetic. You're both going for methamphetamine possession. All right? >> Miranda timing is a point of precision here. The marijuana questions were asked during an investigative detention, a Terry stop, not a custodial arrest. Under Berkemer versus McCarty of 1984, Miranda does not attach at that stage. Rights were administered immediately after methamphetamine was discovered, and the encounter became formally custodial. The sequencing is legally correct. The admission obtained before arrest is not subject to suppression on Miranda grounds. The passenger's exposure turns entirely on Florida's constructive possession doctrine. Florida statute section 893.101 requires the state to prove two elements. Knowledge of the contraband's presence and ability to exercise dominion and control. The passenger disclosed that she observed the driver concealing items as the stop approached. That creates an inference of awareness, but awareness of concealment is not knowledge of a specific controlled substance. Physical proximity alone is insufficient under Florida law. The apparent absence of a conviction is legally consistent with that evidentiary gap. Constructive possession is a meaningful bar against guilt by association. One tactical note, the deputy referenced a quantity close to trafficking amount at the scene. Florida statute section 893.135 sets the methamphetamine trafficking threshold at 14 g. Characterizing quantity before lab confirmation creates avoidable evidentiary risk. >> When you get to the jail, you're going to be stopped. When you get to the jail, we'll stop. When you get to the jail, you're going to go through a body scanner. >> Can we talk to Jeff Boyd? >> So, she's saying it's not her chips. So, it's not her chips. Well, it's her car, it's not your chips. >> bag. We had cookies. >> So, it's not her chips and it's not your chips, either. So, there's just a bag of >> I just got in the car. We were eating cookies. I have The only thing I have to eat is cookies to try to absorb some of my alcohol. >> a lot. >> Have we been able to separate? >> No, I haven't even started. Okay. >> But there are pretty big shards. >> Yeah, I saw those. >> Um and then the small shards are in that one. >> Okay, cool. I'm going to throw them all together cuz I can note Where was this found? >> So, it was stuffed in between the center console and the passenger seat. It was stuffed like as far down as you can to the ground. >> Got you. Now that we know we're caught, right? Talk me through it. >> sure. I just don't want both of us to go to jail cuz I don't know >> Miss Lana, the reason I'm asking you to tell me the truth right now is cuz you're both already going to jail. It's already done and set. >> She didn't have anything to do with it. >> There's no way you didn't know this was it. >> I just picked her up. it. She didn't have anything to do with it. At all. I just literally >> Well, then you set your friend down a bad path. All right? Because I have no way of believing you right now. >> She was going She had I really I picked her up because she's going to help me with my head inspection. That I don't know what you're talking about. I don't know about the bag. >> So, as of right now, you're both going. All right? I just want you to know that. >> She had nothing >> Deputy Carey, if you would be so kind as to >> Can Can you >> I don't play I don't play the chat boy thing. >> No, I'm just saying like can you >> Can I what? Let you go? >> No. >> With a with a with a almost close trafficking amount of meth, I mean, in a neighborhood that's already struggling? You want me to let you go? >> I don't know. I I have a lot going on right now. I do. And I do >> Hey Deputy Carey, do you have a lot going on right now? >> I just No, I had just had surgery. My daughter broke her foot. I just got back. I I have cancer. >> I'm close to $20,000 in medical debt right now. >> I'm sorry. >> I'm not out here driving around with meth. >> Is she admitting it? >> She's She's back and forth on it. >> No, I don't know where where is it? I don't know where it came from. >> See? >> No, I don't know who he's talking about. I don't know what bag he's talking about. >> Please put your foot on the bumper. Thank you. >> I What was in the seat? I >> What's your first name? >> Tiffany. >> Tiffany. Right now, I I swear we've met before. >> It has been a little controversial in the last few days or few months. It's been a little controversial. >> after. Um So, right now, Miss Tiffany, we are running alongside the truth train. All right? The truth train is right beside us, but I want to jump on it. Okay? Truth train. So, >> All right. >> what happened in that car? >> I just got in my seat. >> Okay. >> Which is her seat in her car. I just got picked up because I wanted her to pick me up. I don't know what to tell you about the meth bag and the chip bag and the whatever bag. >> Where were you going? >> Just get the hell out of my house. >> Just to get the hell out of your house. >> Yes, I just went through a breakup bad. >> Okay. >> So, I don't know what to say. I had her pick me up. I've been at my mom's, I've been at my daughter's. I needed a break, I needed her to come and get me. >> So, when I got behind you on Berry Hill, where were you coming from? >> The house right on Berry Hill Road, right across from >> Miss Tiffany, I mean no disrespect. You're making my head hurt. I'm >> Berry Hill Road, Berry Hill Road. >> I'm done with it. I'm done. No, I didn't. Try again. Going back and forth, saying that it's your saying that it's her saying that it's her your saying that it's her your saying >> She just picked me up and I was just [ __ ] going to ride with her. I needed to get out of the house. I can't do this. It's not my [ __ ] >> So, what happened in the car? >> Nothing happened in the car. >> Nothing happened in the car. She didn't hand you the mess and say tuck this. You didn't see her grab that bag and tuck it. I am looking >> do a lot of things. >> Start listing them. >> Just put [ __ ] all around on the floor. She was putting [ __ ] on her on her inner seat. She was putting her seatbelt on. All of that. >> Okay. Did she tuck anything? Is there your stuff Put something in your bra? >> I saw her tuck things around all of her seat and I said, "What are you doing?" And she was like, "We're fixing to get pulled over." If she had something going on, then she needs to own it. I don't know what she tucked. I just know she tucked. I'm telling you she tucked. I don't know what she tucked. She wouldn't tell me. >> I cannot give you any legal advice. All right? But tonight you're going. >> Why am I going for her drugs? This is not okay. >> I don't have another choice here. >> Why? If she had a bag and she tucked a bag >> Not right now. >> Go with her. >> Glena, what are you doing to me? >> Stop talking to her. Stop talking to her. And then 2 seconds later she's going to say I have no idea what mess you're talking about. >> She's not telling She's telling you the truth. I didn't. >> You're going to >> her bag. She had her stuff. She tucked her [ __ ] down where she needed to do it in her car. >> You're going to go through a scanner. You don't have anything on you? >> No, I swear to God. And this is not my stuff. That's not fair. This is her car. It's her drugs. It's not my [ __ ] >> unfortunately, the only thing the only thing I can do right now is suggest you have better friends in the future. You better step back over here if you can. >> this. She said she's not a talker. It was her stuff. Her deal, her things, her stuff. She said that to you. >> Have a seat. >> WHAT IN THE HELL? WHY DID you say that and that's not >> She had all of her shirt. And she said it was all of her shirt this entire time. >> [laughter] >> I'll do you something in the back. >> I appreciate it. >> I can take both of you on. >> Uh she's already loaded up and she's pissy. Miss Lana, how can I help you? >> Um is Is there any way that we can Is there anything that we can do? I cannot My mom just broke her hip and I'm I should not have come out tonight. I just got back from Vegas and I'm sorry that I lied to you. I I just >> Miss Lana, I am nothing but the consequences of your own actions. Okay? So, unfortunately, right now you are taking the ride. All right? You'll be able to get a bond when you get to the jail if you're eligible for one. I don't know. That's on the jail staff. All right? But, tonight you're taking the ride. All right? I honestly wish you all the best. I truly do. And I hope you genuinely get help with your problem. I do. Because meth's one [ __ ] hell of a drug. All right? I hope you get help. >> All three of us were watching cuz I was doing the search and it hits and we all just look at it. She's like I don't know what that is. >> [ __ ] >> It's not my problem. I'll transport her. Okay. >> All right. I got Cranky Magoo. >> Lana was convicted of possession of a controlled substance. The resisting charge was dropped. Sentence, 3 months county jail, 1 month 15 days credited 2 years probation. Tiffany was charged with possession. No conviction appears in public records suggesting the prosecution declined to proceed consistent with the Mars constructive possession limitations analyzed above. Deputy Nate receives an A minus. Probable cause was layered and legally durable. Rapport technique produced voluntary disclosure without coercion. Exit orders and Miranda timing were both executed correctly. The deduction reflects one error, characterizing the quantity as near trafficking before confirmed weight. That belongs in post-booking documentation, not scene narration. Lana receives a C+. The retraction was legally ineffective. Probable cause had already formed. Refusing the exit order added a criminal charge with no constitutional upside. Credit for initial honesty, no physical resistance during arrest, and some demonstrated awareness of Fourth Amendment rights, even if that awareness was incorrectly applied. Tiffany receives a B-. Her consistent denial of knowledge was likely the deciding factor in her case outcome. She did not physically resist and made no direct admissions about the substance. The deduction, her disclosure of the driver's concealment behavior, while intended to shift culpability, introduced an inference of awareness that cut against her own constructive possession defense. Three takeaways from this encounter. One, in Florida, marijuana odor is probable cause, not a factor to weigh, but a constitutionally recognized trigger for the automobile exception. Two, a retracted admission does not reset the legal clock. If probable cause formed before the retraction, it survives the retraction. The remedy is suppression in court, not silence at the scene. Three, constructive possession is not proximity. Being in a vehicle with contraband does not establish possession. Knowledge and control must both be proven, and that standard has teeth. Let us know if there is an interaction or legal topic you would like us to discuss in the comments below. Thank you for watching, and don't forget to check out our second channel, Street Body Cam, for even more police interaction and courtroom content.