Hey everybody, Dr. Judge here. I did a video on how you can cooperate with the police [music] without saying anything to the police. And I had a follower comment, "You never have to follow any orders if you haven't broken the law. If he doesn't have reasonable articulable suspicion, law enforcement officers have zero control over you or your movements. If you're not detained legally with reasonable articulable suspicion, they can only require you to exit the vehicle for their safety. If you are a passenger, you need never ID yourself unless there's an arrestable offense. Now, all of that is true, but my video was about how you can cooperate with the police without speaking to the police. I don't believe cooperation is talking to the police. Cooperate with the police to me means if they say get out of the car, you get out of the car. Don't argue with them. Don't push back. Don't ask why. Don't say I'm not getting out of the car unless you have reasonable, articulable suspicion of a crime. That's not the law. Everybody that follows this channel knows the law, knows that officers have the right to ask you out of a car on a traffic stop under Pennsylvania versus Mims. And they can quote that case to you and will quote it to you. They're going to order you out of the car, but cooperation only means follow their lawful orders. You have the right to resist an unlawful order. And we're going to talk about that more in detail. But what does resist means? It doesn't mean physically resist. It means you have the right to refuse an unlawful order. It's a lawful order for them to ask you out of the car. It's not a lawful order for them to say, "Take these tests or I'm going to take you to jail." That's not lawful. You have the right to refuse a lawful order of [music] a police officer. So, let's break down this comment a little bit more. Let's do it sentence by sentence. You never have to follow any orders if you haven't broken the law. That's not entirely true. I know what he's saying here, and he might actually be a police officer. I don't know. He's certainly somebody that understands the constitutional limits of a police officer, but when a police officer gives you a lawful order, you have to follow the lawful order. But you need to understand what a police officer is allowed to lawfully order you to do and what they're not allowed to lawfully order you to do. And it's complicated. So, don't fight with this officer on the street. Don't push back. Don't ask him a lot of questions about why he's doing this or that or the other, especially if he asks you to step out of the car. I see all the time people make the mistake of saying,"Wh do you want me to step out of the car?" Well, because I asked you to step out of the car. Well, but why do you want me to step out? Tell me what your reasonable articulable suspicion is to order me out of the car. He doesn't need reasonable articulable suspicion to order you out of the car. All he needs is a lawful traffic stop. So, we have to look at the traffic stop first and see if it was a lawful traffic stop. If he pulled you over for speeding, it's a lawful traffic stop. If he pulled you over because he was curious who you are, it's not lawful for him to order you out of the car. So, he's not allowed to just pull you over and ID you without you having committed a traffic offense or a crime. He has to have probable cause to pull you over, but he doesn't have to have anything to ask you out of the car on a lawful traffic stop. But what if he says, "I want you to take a few tests to make sure it's okay for you to drive." Is that a lawful order? No, that's not a lawful order. He can't order you to take these field sobriety tests because you have the right under the Constitution to refuse to give evidence against yourself. [music] So, ordering you to walk the line, walk nine steps and turn around and walk nine steps back, stand on one foot, follow the pin with your eyes, all of those are orders, but they're not lawful orders. This is a very complicated topic, folks, and that's why we're doing an extra long video on it. And I want to hear your comments below.