I'm scared right now. I am scared. >> you right now to step out. I'm telling you to step out. I just told you three times. Yes, you do. Sir, I'm telling you right now All right, step out. Sir, step out. I'm telling you to step out. That's all. Step out. Step out of the car. Step out of the car. GET OUT OF THE CAR. >> I'M OUT. >> PUT YOUR HANDS ON TOP OF THE CAR RIGHT NOW. PUT YOUR HANDS ON TOP OF THE CAR. >> ON MAY 11TH, 2025, in Charlotte County, Florida, a speeding stop became a criminal arrest, not because of what was found in the vehicle, but because of a single moment at the car door. >> [music] >> I got that from the DMV on Sunday. 221 Central copy stop. Hey, you stop the window. Veterans at water, Veterans at water. Looks like a Georgia tag, Tom Adam Lincoln 2555 out of Georgia. Send me another BOLO on a burgundy, looks like saying. >> Afternoon, Deputy Chandler, Shawnee County Sheriff's Office. Stopped you for your speed, 78 in a posted 55. Can I see What's that? Got it. Okay. Well, I that's what I got you on radar for. Okay, I don't I don't show it to people on the side of the road. No, no, no. I don't show it to people on traffic stops. Not legally required to. We don't do that. No, no, no. No, no. Nope. Okay, no problem. You're good. You got Yep. Okay, I do need a copy of it, so Yeah, no, that's fine. Yeah, that's acceptable. Yeah. All right, is all your information still correct on your license? Okay, how's your driving history? Any citations, anything like that recent? Okay. All right. Um No, wait. No, wait. No, I don't need to run your name. I was asking if you got a ticket recently. Okay. Not in the past year or two? Okay, perfect. All right, are anything illegal in the car? Any drugs, weapons, knives, anything illegal that's going to be in here? Okay. All right, um if I What My current intention right now is to issue a warning for your speed. Do you Okay, so with that being said, would you mind if I took a look inside of it for your vehicle for any of those any of those particular items? Okay. Okay, just hang tight with me for a minute, okay? Vehicle insurer doesn't see anything on there for insurance. Did you have your You got your copy of the insurance? I didn't see a policy number there listed. I didn't see the policy listed on there. Do you have a copy of of it currently? Okay. Just need to see that you got a policy number that the vehicle's insured. All right, perfect. I won't take your phone, I'm just going to scroll. Okay. All right, just hang tight with me for just a minute, okay? All right. Sup? >> What's up, man? So, you called me fast, like 78, almost 80. >> Um pretty sure the passenger threw something out back there, like a clear thin wrapper of some sort, not sure what. Um I told him I'm writing him a warning, and I said if the search. He said only the glove box and the area so I said, "Okay." I'm working on his warning right now. >> Radar clocked the driver at 78 mph in a posted 55 zone, a violation under Florida statute section 316.183. The officer had clear legal authority and his initial intent was to issue a warning. When the driver refused consent to a search, that was a valid Fourth Amendment right. But refusing a search is not the same as refusing to exit. Those are two different legal questions and the gap between them is exactly where this encounter went wrong. Officers intended to conduct a canine free air sniff of the exterior. Under Illinois versus Caballes, 2005, that sniff is not a Fourth Amendment search. It requires no warrant, no probable cause, and no consent from the driver. Extending the stop was also legally grounded. Under Rodriguez versus United States, 2015, independent reasonable suspicion justifies extension. An officer observed the passenger discard an object from the window during the pursuit. That observation provided exactly that suspicion. With the canine deployment justified, officers had categorical authority under Pennsylvania versus Mims, 1977, to order the driver out. That authority requires no individualized suspicion and no explanation. It exists in every lawful traffic stop, period. >> Hey, how's it going? >> Pretty good, man. How about you? How's it going? >> I'm doing pretty good, man. Hey, so I'm Deputy Sheriff with the Shelby County Sheriff's Office. Is it Did you deny consent to search? Search the vehicle? Huh? >> I did not consent to search. I told him he could look around the perimeter as far as the safety goes. >> Okay, so you did not telling you right now >> [screaming] >> What am I doing now? I told you five times why. Obstruction. I told you I told you 10 times already. Listen. I told you three four times already. I'm conducting a fear sniff of your vehicle. You got to step out of the car. You didn't step out. I'm trying to explain to you. You're not listening. If I conduct a fear sniff of the vehicle, you got to step out of the car. I'm not going to conduct a fear sniff of your vehicle and the dog bites you, you know what I mean? Cuz I we're going to do a fear sniff. You did not consent. You did not consent. We're going to do a fear sniff of the vehicle. Why? your right. It's your right. So I'm going to I'm going to run the dog. >> Absolutely. >> You can't be in the car when I run the dog. >> You can't be in the car with a chicken in the back seat? >> Yeah, he ain't going to grab no chicken. >> But, I'm just literally Listen. Listen. It could have been easy thing. I run the dog, nothing happens. >> I'm just wondering why. I didn't know I wasn't allowed to ask questions. You told me I was going to jail for asking a question. I'm sorry. >> I told you like five times. >> I'm asking a question four times. >> I'm going to run my dog. Then we'll be out of here, right? This is mine. This is what happens if you don't uh >> You have to give me the victim first. >> that. It He's doing a a sniff on the outside. You can't be inside the car when he does the sniff. >> I've been pulled over multiple times. >> But, that's not a search. >> That does conduct more than just a mere interaction. >> That's not a search. And we're giving you a lawful order to exit the car so we can conduct the search and you're not listening to us. He told you that he's going to conduct a sniff on the >> I've been a law clerk for a long time. I know the law. >> You're from Georgia, right? >> Yes, sir. >> Are you from Florida? >> Sir, I've >> Are you from Florida? >> I've been in and out of Florida. >> Okay. >> I'm not trying to be I don't Why am I getting in the car now? >> Go. Get in the car. >> For what now? >> What am I being arrested for? >> Get in the car. >> This is actually a detainment, not >> No, you're going to be under arrest. >> Yeah, you turned a little thing to a big thing, you know what I mean? >> You want to step out while I run my dog. Then we're done. >> So, where's the dog? >> Back of the car. >> I thought you were just running the dog. >> Yeah, but now he's arrested, so we're searching the car. >> So, you are arresting him? >> Yeah, he's arrested. I'm going to get out of the car here in a minute. >> Asking why is not illegal. Staying inside the vehicle after a lawful exit order while asking why is. Florida statute section 843 .02 defines resisting without violence as knowingly obstructing an officer in the execution of a legal duty. The triggering act was the moment officers opened the car door and the driver physically pulled back. That single act satisfied every element of the statute and produced a first-degree misdemeanor charge carrying up to 1 year in county jail. The canine found nothing. The stop was intended to end with a warning. Neither of those facts changes the legal outcome, but both are directly relevant to how we evaluate the judgment calls made by the officers and the driver under pressure. >> What's up with your boy, man? What's up with that? >> That's my little brother. He's just probably irritated because he's been stopped so many times. Other than that, I just moved out here, so >> Yeah, from Georgia? Huh? From Georgia? >> I moved out here from >> Oh, North Carolina? Oh, okay. Is there anything in there you're not supposed to have? No? Then what's the big deal? Then why did you make this a thing? >> Cuz, man, you would >> Then why did Level with me here, bro. Why did Why Why did this become a thing? >> I'm going to be honest with you. Honest. Because I've been pulled over twice the last 2 weeks cuz I have a Georgia tag. >> Mhm. >> It's frustrating. >> Okay. >> I'm just being straight honest. It's Mother's Day. My mother died at 23. That's my godbrother right here. >> that. >> Portland, thank you. Portland life. Dude, I'm Search my car. Like, frustrating. That's honestly the reason. >> Yeah. >> Honestly the reason. I just want to grab a case of beer. We got two things of chicken. I'm about to go home and >> Mhm. >> Now I'll let you about to go to jail. Cuz >> So, here Here's the thing, man. All right? >> Yes, sir. >> I didn't stop you, so I don't know I don't know I don't know why he stopped you. I'm sure he explained to you why he stopped you. Okay. All right. He He asked you Do you give us consent to search the car? You said no. >> That's all. >> Which is your right. We can do an exterior sniff of the vehicle with a canine if we choose to do so. Exactly. Exactly. But at that moment, when we're giving you a lawful command to exit the car so we can conduct that sniff, when you tell us no and we tell you again, "Listen, get out of the car." And then we open the door for you to escort you out of the car and you go like this and you pull away from us, that's resisting. Yes, you did. It's Dude, I'm I'm trying to explain it to you. In the moment, I can't explain it to you because I don't know you. You know what I mean? I don't know if you got guns, knives, bombs, any of that. I don't know you. I've never met you before. Okay? I've had interactions with people that they've acted calm and then they tried to kill me later on. Okay? So, we can't just base it off of I'm telling you I'm not a threat. You know what I mean? But But we did and then you kept on interrupting my my boy over here. You kept on interrupting him. Right. Let me roll the window so you can get AC. We're getting You're You're saying I'm sorry. I didn't hear what you're saying. You're saying What are you saying? >> Staying at my brother's house. >> Where do they live? >> Uh >> You can set up. You can set up. Up work? Up work? Okay. You have a phone to call him? >> Yep. >> Okay. We You You're Get him to give you a ride here to come pick you up. Can he come pick you up here? >> No, that's my brother right there. >> Oh, I I thought you were saying that was like a friend or something. That's my brother. Okay. You have anyone else that you know that lives down here? >> No, I have to catch a bus or something. >> Okay. You have phone and all that? >> Yes. Can I get you out of the car here? >> Yeah. It's kind of like Yeah. >> Yeah, he turned a big thing to a little a little thing to big thing, man. You were in the dark. Obviously, you don't have an engine in the car. Dog would have ran around, done nothing. You good, man? Got it. What's a good phone number for your uh for sales so they can put this on the tow form? >> What? >> Cuz you're going to jail. >> Um huh? >> Resisting without violence. When he told you to step out of the car, he was lawfully allowed to do that and you didn't and you didn't listen to him. >> I would ask you why. You would be scared to speak up to the guy behind you. >> No, I just do as I'm told. There's some police, they're not going to just shoot me down for no reason. >> I'm not saying you, but people like you like >> Yeah, those are good cops. They're not We're not playing the We're not playing the race game here. I'm not doing none of that. Okay. Okay. >> Come on, man. Really? >> It was >> Well, some of them are damn cops. I know it's not a race game. >> I I got you. It's so easy. Just listen what they had to say. And just step out. >> Why would you bring me through the wringer and tow my car for >> No, you got your car towed on for not listening to directions, man. No one else here purposely just wanted to tow your car. >> I have my phone at least. I can people can call me. >> Yeah, it's in It's in the It's in the back. We'll get it when you get to the jail. You good, man? Okay. Thanks. Appreciate it. Well, let me tell you what would have happened. A warning. >> out of the car, the dog would have sniffed your car a little bit. I would have printed you out your warning. It would have probably gone nothing. I'm just inspecting. >> There's nothing in there. Like >> You would have gone ahead and you would have been on your way. You would have been on your way. >> I get nervous when I'm going to jail. >> There's no reason for that, man. You're going >> It is a reason, sir. You I don't understand that you don't I understand it. I get it. And I'm not going to battle. I'm not trying to make it like that. You've been You were perfectly fine with me and I'm not trying to make it like that at all. But there is a reason. There is. I even requested to see a sergeant. >> What's that? >> I said I even requested to see a sergeant. >> I I get that. You can request to see a sergeant, the problem is you still have to obey the orders when they're given, not when you choose. >> When When explained, you're absolutely right. I understand that and I know that. I've I've read that part video times. If the lawful order is given once explained, you must comply. Yes, I I did But like I said, my son just graduated from the academy a year and a half ago in Suffolk County, Virginia. I I stand behind the blue. But you can't blame her getting freaking nervous. >> All right. >> Um your last call should be Alex F. >> Okay. Get Carl on here. >> Uh that's [clears throat] my brother. Shoot. Um no, I I hit cancel at the top. And you can hit Alex F. Yes, sir. >> Okay. >> Cuz I'm done with calling me. >> I'll put him on speaker. Is that okay? >> Yes, sir. I don't know if he'll answer. I'll leave a message for him. >> That'll work. >> 812 >> Oh, we're just sitting without >> Alex is me. Um they got me >> to walk into my client's >> Hey, I got you. I'm going to jail. >> What? >> They pulled me over for resisting arrest. >> Shut up. >> I'm dead serious. I'm in the cop car right now. Just wanted to let you know resisting arrest. So, Port Charlotte. >> Okay. Babe. >> I know. >> All right. I'll I'll see what I can do. >> All right. I'm going inside now. Thank you. >> All right. You want to shut it off or do you want to leave it to get numbers out? >> Uh I don't know if they'll let me get numbers out inside. I don't know I don't know the first one I called is Carl. That's my pastor, my brother-in-law. >> Okay. All right. I'll leave it on. >> Thank you. >> We'll shut it off. We'll get it all in there. >> Yeah, let's just leave it on. >> Yeah, we're going to get we're going to get this guy inside, I guess. >> What are they saying? They've got a >> Right now. >> What is >> He's got some issues. They're going to get him inside. All right. I'm going to come check your car for you. >> Thank you so much. Thank you. >> Deputy Chandler receives a B plus. The initial stop was legally sound. The canine deployment was properly justified, and the use of soft empty-hand control during removal was proportionate under Graham versus Connor, 490 US 386 1989. The deduction reflects a missed de-escalation window. The exit order was repeated at least five times before physical intervention. A slower, calmer delivery of the canine safety rationale before the commanding tone escalated may have produced compliance without a criminal charge. The backup deputy receives a B. His post-arrest explanation correctly identified the legal authority for the exit order and the act that constituted resisting. One deduction for characterizing the canine sniff as a safety search rather than citing Caballes precisely. The driver receives a C+. He refused full consent to search, declined incriminating questions, and did not resist once outside the vehicle. Those were sound choices. The failure was remaining inside through five lawful exit orders and pulling back when the door was opened. He acknowledged on camera that he knew the law. Knowing it and applying it under pressure are different skills, and that gap cost him here. Fear is not a legal defense to resisting without violence. Under Florida statute section 843.02, the passenger receives an A-. He was calm, cooperative, and non-obstructive throughout. He spoke openly with officers without confrontation and made no attempt to interfere. His conduct is the clearest example in this footage of what effective civilian de-escalation looks like in practice. A warning-level stop became a criminal charge through decisions that were individually understandable but collectively devastating. This encounter carries five lessons drawn directly from the legal record, and every one applies the next time any driver is pulled over. Lesson one. Refusing consent to a search and refusing to exit the vehicle are legally separate. You can lawfully do the first. You cannot lawfully do the second once a valid exit order exists under Pennsylvania versus Mimms, 1977. Lesson two. A canine exterior sniff is not a Fourth Amendment search under Illinois versus Caballes, 2005. Officers need no consent and no probable cause. Refusing the search does not prevent the dog from being deployed around the outside of the vehicle. Lesson three. You can ask for a reason. You cannot condition compliance on receiving one. The Mimms authority is categorical. Staying in the vehicle until the question is answered is not exercising a right. It is committing a misdemeanor. Lesson four. Fear is not a legal defense to resisting without violence. Courts assess whether the order was lawful, not whether the driver was comfortable obeying it. Fear may factor into sentencing, but it does not remove any element of the charge. Lesson five. One brief act of pulling back, even without striking anyone, satisfies the resisting element of Florida statute section 843.02. Not the questions, not the delay. That single moment at the car door was what sealed the arrest. The driver knew the law, said so on camera, and still ended up in handcuffs. Constitutional knowledge alone is not enough. The skill that matters is applying it correctly under real pressure. If this breakdown was useful, subscribe to our channel for more analysis like this.